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Where NASCAR is most likely to screw up FI is when, not if, the manufacturers lobby for individual ECU mappings. Or worse, multiple mappings. For example, maps for 1 mile, 1.5 mile, road courses, etc.
Keep in mind that within a single engine map you'll find layered sub-maps that control ignition timing, fuel flow, A/F ratio, rail psi (if applicable), throttle position, etc. A engine map can be 2D or 3D, but at its core is really nothing more than pretty graphical (and tabular) data that can be rendered quickly when you plug a laptop into the prom. Today's simulation software makes it possible to anticipate and/or calculate in "real time" the power/torque output of the engine based primarily on injection/ignition timing. However, you can also factor in things like inertia, intake temperatures, slip curves, lat/long acceleration, yaw rate, velocity, etc. and control the power/torque curves to maximize performance but we're now we're also getting into traction control.
In an engine with a direct mechanical link between the throttle pedal and the throttle body (not linear) the ECU (map) can monitor pedal position and the throttle pedal “input” as a "torque request/go-pedal” and adjust the throttle at the engine, ignition and injection timing, and A/F ratio accordingly to achieve the best possible throttle response and fuel efficiency.
So how can NASCAR police cheating? They can't, at least not with 100% certainty. Best practice would be to use a single ECU that monitors all the above parameters which can be preset with min/max tolerances. The units need to be sealed and retrieved after each practice, qualifying session, and of course, the race itself. The sealed units should also be distributed at random via a blind draw and delivered to each team's pit stall 15 minutes prior to each on track session. A "generic" sealed ECU would be available for engine tuners and used only in a designated, controlled paddock location.
*GTX-HEMI's head explodes*
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